Why might a cleft lift need to be revised?
Why might a cleft lift need to be revised?
There are times when even a properly performed cleft lift will need another operation to adjust the shape of the cleft. The reasons for this fall into two categories:
The original incision has failed to heal properly or has healed, but come apart later.
A new fold has developed and now there is recurrent pilonidal disease in that fold.
Failure to heal properly
Although every attempt is made to reshape the gluteal cleft such that:
1. the incision is not in the midline
2. the cleft is flattened
3. the new configuration remains optimal in all positions (such as sitting, standing, lying down, etc)
This can be a difficult thing to accomplish. There are times when achieving this is a problem during the procedure itself because of previous surgery, intense scarring, or just the individual patient’s shape. Other times, the incision drifts toward the midline in the days or weeks after surgery. This is especially a problem if there is infection, wound separation, or severe reactions from autoimmune disease in the post-operative period; this can change the position of the scar and cause it to move toward the midline.
When this occurs, it is reasonable to try to reshape the bottom of the cleft again, which we call a “revision”. This is usually successful. This is a more likely reason to need a revision in patients who have had other previous operations and wounds very close to the anus at the start.
Recurrent pilonidal disease
In our clinic this is the most common reason for a cleft lift to need revision. This is not ever predictable. It is very difficult to flatten the cleft all the way to the anus in some patients just because of how their body is shaped. Most people do have some sort of midline fold above the anus in some positions, which flattens out in other positions. It is unclear why a fold that might not be a source for recurrent pilonidal disease might be a problem in one patient, and not another.
The only external factor that we have observed that might play a role in this is wearing clothing that is tight across the hips, that might be compressing the buttocks together.
Below is an example of a situation where a new fold developed and a new sinus developed.
In the example above, the recurrent problem was not predictable, but was something that could be repaired by extending the cleft lift even farther down. As with most operation, sucess requires a delicate balance between too much and too little.
Conclusion
In general, there are no operations that are successful and complication free in 100% of patients. The cleft lift is the operation that has the highest success rate for treating pilonidal disease, but there are times when it fails and need revision. One of the aspects of the cleft lift that sets it apart from other flap procedures is that failures can be repaired by using the same principles as the first operation, but extending the procedure lower. These revisions, at least in our clinic, are almost always successful, and Dr. Immerman has written an extensive paper specifically on the technique for repairing cleft lifts that were not successful.